When was the species introduced to Australia? Cane Toads were introduced to Australia from Hawaii in 1935. They bred immediately and by August 1935 more than 3,000 young toads were released in areas around Cairns, Gordonvale and Innisfail in northern Queensland.
Why was it introduced? They were introduced by the Australian Sugar Cane industry to help control the pest of sugar cane. But 5 years after they were imported, the sugar cane industry found an effective insecticidal spray was introduced and they lost intrust in the Cane Toad.
Why has it survived so well in Australia? They started off well because they were bought over to Australia for a reason, to help with the pest in the sugar cane industry. But now they are seen as pests themselves. They have reached the point where they are getting to close to the Western Australia and Northern Territory boarders, people in those communities trap and kill the Cane Toads before they cross the boarder.
Where is it found? Indicate on a map of Australia. They adapted well to Australia and are found throughout the coast of Queensland. Map shown above.
Distribution of the Cane Toad. Native distribution in blue, introduced in red.
What diseases are associated with the species? Bufotenin, one of the chemicals excreted by the Cane Toad, is classified as a Class 1 drug under Australian drug laws. This is the same effects as heroin and marijuana.
What control techniques have been tried to manage or exterminate the species? For example: shooting, culling, introducing other species and poison. To make this species not become to highly populated, people have started to kill off Cane Toads. The toads are now being trapped and killed, or they are used for a bit of fun in sport, things such as golf and cricket.
Rock Climbing
Activity 6.
Impacts on the Environment.
Rock Climbing
Activity 4.
Historical and Contemporary Uses of a Venue.
Learning Activity 2.26 Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility, and balance. It can be a dangerous sport and knowledge of proper climbing techniques and usage of specialized climbing equipment is crucial for the safe completion. The wide variety of rock formations around the Australia has led rock climbing to separate into several different styles. As the climbs get higher off the ground, the increased risk of life-threatening injuries requires higher safety measures. Some areas that are popular for climbing are also protected places for indigenous peoples. Many indigenous people would prefer that climbers not climb these protected places and have made this information well known to climbers. Climbers think they have minimal impact and leave no trace, rock climbing is sometimes damaging to the environment. The common environmental damagers are things such as: soil erosion, litter, abandoned bolts and ropes, human excrement, introduction of foreign plants through seeds on shoes and clothing, and damage to native plant species, especially those growing in cracks and on ledges as these are often intentionally removed during new route development through a process commonly referred to as cleaning. Rock climbing is an important component of Victorian mountaineering in the Alps. It is generally thought that the sport began in the nineteenth century in various parts of Europe. Rock climbing grew gradually from an alpine necessity to a distinct athletic activity.
Activity 7 Introduction to Grampians National Park 1)Provide a summary of the Park (What does it contain?) The Grampians present some of the most picturesque scenery of in Victoria.There are striking visual impression with the views while walking and the waterfalls. The natural and cultural features make the Grampians a great place for bushwalking and a large range of other things. a.What activities can be complete within the park? Picnicking Bushwalking Swimming Cycling Horse riding Rock climbing and abseiling Camping
Landscape Characteristics 2)Explain the unique characteristics of the Grampians. It has over 970 native plants with in the park. Steep sandstones ranges. Water falls Natural and cultural features. a.Where is the park located? The park is located in the central western Victoria, approx 260km by road, not west of Melbourne. Halls gap is a small township surrounded by national park. The Grampians National Park stretches 85kms north-south and 45km east-west, covering 167,000 hectares.
Climate of the Grampians Area 3)Provide a basic summary of the parks climate. The Grampians has a temperature climate, with seasonal patterns. Usually summer and autumn are warm and dry while winter and spring are cool and wet. a.What will be the expected temperature (min and max) and rainfall for the month that we are away? Minimum temperature- 8 degrees Maximum temperature- 25 degrees Rainfall- 43mm
Vegetation of the Grampians 4)Provide a Basic Summary of the vegetation of the Grampians. Close to 900 different flowering plants occur in Grampians National Park. Approximately one third of Victoria’s vascular flora can be found in the park, including over 20 endemic plants. Several rare and endangered plant species occur in the park. There are many different environments within the Grampians, from the sub-alpine rocky heathlands of Mount William and the tall forests of the wetter gullies to the heathlands and wetlands of the slopes and valleys. a.What are the main Plant communities within the park? Stringybark forest Rocky woodland Red Gum forest Heathy woodland Riparian forest Heathland Animals of the Grampians 5)Explain the diversity of the animal species at the Grampians. 43% of Victoria's bird species, 34% of Victoria's mammal species, 34% of the State's amphibian species, 28% of Victoria's reptile species and 20% of Victoria's freshwater fish species. a.What Mammals, Fish, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians can we expect to see? Thirty-five different mammal species occur in the Park Mammals-
Wallabies Kangaroos Bandicoots Possums Gliders Heath Mouse Pygmy-possum Birds- Peregrine Falcon Blackbird Pigeon Skylark Sparrow Goldfinch Fish- Rainbow Brown Trout Amphibians- Frogs Visitors to the Grampians National Park 6)Who uses the Grampians? Tourist School groups Locals a.What do visitors do? Camp Hike up the mountains Holiday b.How many visitors were there between 2000 and 2001? 1505428 people have been to the Grampians between 2000 and 2001.
Activity 8 Research Report History of an Environment- Grampians National Park
1.Why was art important to the Koori people? Where are the art sites mainly situated in the Grampians? Koorie rock paintings are rare in Victoria and Australia. But not in The Grampians National Park. Five thousand years ago, the Koories who roamed the well stocked hunting ground surrounding Gariwerd as the mountain range was known to them, began recording their dreamtime legends and ceremonies on the recessed walls of caves, tucked away in rocky outcrops. It is a record of an ancient culture which was virtually destroyed with the arrival of European settlers. Over 100 caves have been found where the rock faces are decorated by fine examples of Koorie art.
2. There were between 4500 and 9000 Kooris in the Grampians before the arrival of the Europeans in 1836. For what reasons did these numbers diminish by the 1900s? Beacuse the Europeana Settlement came in, and destroyed all there property.
3. How was fire used as a means of survival for the Aborigines? How is fire important: They used there fire to cooked the food, keep them warm, trap animals, as touches and ceremonies.
Flora?
Fauna?
4. How did the introduction of pest/ grazing animals affect the lifestyle of the Korri people? 5. Why were timber and its production necessary in the Grampians areas around the 1850s? 6. What type of timber products did the Grampians supply? 7. Why was sandstone imported for Aboriginal use? For Europeans? 8. Explain in simple terms the system used for water storage at the Grampians? 9. What impact did the discovery of gold have on the environment? 10. What impact did Walter Zumstein have on the Grampians? 11. What impact is he still having today as a result of the work he did to the land? 12. What are some of the threats of wildlife in the park?
Activity 9 Learning Activity 2.30 Research Report Grampians National Park- Plan of management 1. When was the Grampians declared a National park? The Grampians National Park was declared a national park in 1984.
2. How much area does it cover? It covers around 167,000 ha. 4. When was the area first discovered by Europeans settlers and by whom? Major Thomas Mitchell discovered the area in 1836. 5. Explain why water is an important resource to the Grampians and the surrounding districts. Water is important for the vegetation and native animals that live in the Grampians and it is also important for farming, mining and timber production in the area. 6. Divide an A4 sheet of paper into 3 columns headed COMMERCIAL, CONSERVATIONAL and RECREATIONAL. List as many current uses in each of the three categories as you can. Commercial -Farming -Timber Harvesting Recreational
-Public Toilets -Camping -Park -Pathways Conservational -Hiking -Public Camping 7. Divide another A4 sheet of paper into 3 columns headed COMMERCIAL, CONSERVATIONAL and RECREATIONAL. List as many past uses in each of the 3 categories as you can. Commercial -Farming -Timber Harvesting Conservational -Camping -Hiking(without paths)
-Path ways
-Parks Recreational -Holes in the ground (toilets) -Agriculture 8. For what reasons is the park regarded as an area of high conservation significance? The Grampians is regarded as an area of high conservation because people have become more aware about the environment being damaged, so they are doing this for the conservation of the area. 9. For what reasons is the park an area of significant cultural value? Aboriginal paintings hold cultural significance in the aboriginal community and symbolize their traditions. Flaura and Fauna; helps to maintain the native environment. 10. Successful management is vital for the long term security of the park. Choose two different user groups (for example: bushwalkers, coffee shop owners, caravan park operates, rock climbers and four wheel drivers.) and list the possible conflicts that may arise between them over the use of the park.
Cane Toad
Activity 2.
Learning Activity 2.26.
When was the species introduced to Australia?
Cane Toads were introduced to Australia from Hawaii in 1935. They bred immediately and by August 1935 more than 3,000 young toads were released in areas around Cairns, Gordonvale and Innisfail in northern Queensland.
Why was it introduced?
They were introduced by the Australian Sugar Cane industry to help control the pest of sugar cane. But 5 years after they were imported, the sugar cane industry found an effective insecticidal spray was introduced and they lost intrust in the Cane Toad.
Why has it survived so well in Australia?
They started off well because they were bought over to Australia for a reason, to help with the pest in the sugar cane industry. But now they are seen as pests themselves. They have reached the point where they are getting to close to the Western Australia and Northern Territory boarders, people in those communities trap and kill the Cane Toads before they cross the boarder.
Where is it found? Indicate on a map of Australia.
They adapted well to Australia and are found throughout the coast of Queensland. Map shown above.
Distribution of the Cane Toad. Native distribution in blue, introduced in red.
What diseases are associated with the species?
Bufotenin, one of the chemicals excreted by the Cane Toad, is classified as a Class 1 drug under Australian drug laws. This is the same effects as heroin and marijuana.
What control techniques have been tried to manage or exterminate the species? For example: shooting, culling, introducing other species and poison.
To make this species not become to highly populated, people have started to kill off Cane Toads. The toads are now being trapped and killed, or they are used for a bit of fun in sport, things such as golf and cricket.
Rock Climbing
Activity 6.
Impacts on the Environment.
Rock Climbing
Activity 4.
Historical and Contemporary Uses of a Venue.
Learning Activity 2.26
Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that o
The wide variety of rock formations around the Australia has led rock climbing to separate into several different styles. As the climbs get higher off the ground, the increased risk of life-threatening injuries requires higher safety measures.
Some areas that are popular for climbing are also protected places for indigenous peoples. Many indigenous people would prefer that climbers not climb these protected places and have made this information well known to climbers.
Climbers think they have minimal impact and leave no trace, rock climbing is sometimes damaging to the environment. The common environmental damagers are things such as: soil erosion, litter, abandoned bolts and ropes, human excrement, introduction of foreign plants through seeds on shoes and clothing, and damage to native plant species, especially those growing in cracks and on ledges as these are often intentionally removed during new route development through a process commonly referred to as cleaning.
Rock climbing is an important component of Victorian mountaineering in the Alps. It is generally thought that the sport began in the nineteenth century in various parts of Europe. Rock climbing grew gradually from an alpine necessity to a distinct athletic activity.
Activity 7
Introduction to Grampians National Park
1) Provide a summary of the Park (What does it contain?)
The Grampians present some of the most picturesque scenery of in Victoria. There are striking visual impression with the views while walking and the waterfalls. The natural and cultural features make the Grampians a great place for bushwalking and a large range of other things.
a. What activities can be complete within the park?
Picnicking
Bushwalking
Swimming
Cycling
Horse riding
Rock climbing and abseiling
Camping
Landscape Characteristics
2) Explain the unique characteristics of the Grampians.
It has over 970 native plants with in the park.
Steep sandstones ranges.
Water falls
Natural and cultural features.
a. Where is the park located?
The park is located in the central western Victoria, approx 260km by road, not west of Melbourne. Halls gap is a small township surrounded by national park. The Grampians National Park stretches 85kms north-south and 45km east-west, covering 167,000 hectares.
Climate of the Grampians Area
3) Provide a basic summary of the parks climate.
The Grampians has a temperature climate, with seasonal patterns. Usually summer and autumn are warm and dry while winter and spring are cool and wet.
a. What will be the expected temperature (min and max) and rainfall for the month that we are away?
Minimum temperature- 8 degrees
Maximum temperature- 25 degrees
Rainfall- 43mm
Vegetation of the Grampians
4) Provide a Basic Summary of the vegetation of the Grampians.
Close to 900 different flowering plants occur in Grampians National Park. Approximately one third of Victoria’s vascular flora can be found in the park, including over 20 endemic plants. Several rare and endangered plant species occur in the park.
There are many different environments within the Grampians, from the sub-alpine rocky heathlands of Mount William and the tall forests of the wetter gullies to the heathlands and wetlands of the slopes and valleys.
a.What are the main Plant communities within the park?
Stringybark forest
Rocky woodland
Red Gum forest
Heathy woodland
Riparian forest
Heathland
Animals of the Grampians
5) Explain the diversity of the animal species at the Grampians.
43% of Victoria's bird species,
34% of Victoria's mammal species,
34% of the State's amphibian species,
28% of Victoria's reptile species and
20% of Victoria's freshwater fish species.
a. What Mammals, Fish, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians can we expect to see?
Thirty-five different mammal species occur in the Park
Mammals-
Wallabies
Kangaroos
Bandicoots
Possums
Gliders
Heath Mouse
Pygmy-possum
Birds-
Peregrine Falcon
Blackbird
Pigeon
Skylark
Sparrow
Goldfinch
Fish-
Rainbow
Brown Trout
Amphibians-
Frogs
Visitors to the Grampians National Park
6) Who uses the Grampians?
Tourist
School groups
Locals
a. What do visitors do?
Camp
Hike up the mountains
Holiday
b. How many visitors were there between 2000 and 2001?
1505428 people have been to the Grampians between 2000 and 2001.
Activity 8
Research Report
History of an Environment- Grampians National Park
1.Why was art important to the Koori people? Where are the art sites mainly situated in the Grampians?
Koorie rock paintings are rare in Victoria and Australia. But not in The Grampians National Park. Five thousand years ago, the Koories who roamed the well stocked hunting ground surrounding Gariwerd as the mountain range was known to them, began recording their dreamtime legends and ceremonies on the recessed walls of caves, tucked away in rocky outcrops. It is a record of an ancient culture which was virtually destroyed with the arrival of European settlers.
Over 100 caves have been found where the rock faces are decorated by fine examples of Koorie art.
2. There were between 4500 and 9000 Kooris in the Grampians before the arrival of the Europeans in 1836. For what reasons did these numbers diminish by the 1900s?
Beacuse the Europeana Settlement came in, and destroyed all there property.
3. How was fire used as a means of survival for the Aborigines? How is fire important:
They used there fire to cooked the food, keep them warm, trap animals, as touches and ceremonies.
4. How did the introduction of pest/ grazing animals affect the lifestyle of the Korri people?
5. Why were timber and its production necessary in the Grampians areas around the 1850s?
6. What type of timber products did the Grampians supply?
7. Why was sandstone imported for Aboriginal use? For Europeans?
8. Explain in simple terms the system used for water storage at the Grampians?
9. What impact did the discovery of gold have on the environment?
10. What impact did Walter Zumstein have on the Grampians?
11. What impact is he still having today as a result of the work he did to the land?
12. What are some of the threats of wildlife in the park?
Activity 9
Learning Activity 2.30
Research Report
Grampians National Park- Plan of management
1. When was the Grampians declared a National park?
The Grampians National Park was declared a national park in 1984.
2. How much area does it cover?
It covers around 167,000 ha.
4. When was the area first discovered by Europeans settlers and by whom?
Major Thomas Mitchell discovered the area in 1836.
5. Explain why water is an important resource to the Grampians and the surrounding districts.
Water is important for the vegetation and native animals that live in the Grampians and it is also important for
farming, mining and timber production in the area.
6. Divide an A4 sheet of paper into 3 columns headed COMMERCIAL, CONSERVATIONAL and
RECREATIONAL. List as many current uses in each of the three categories as you can.
Commercial
-Farming
-Timber Harvesting
Recreational
-Public Toilets
-Camping
-Park
-Pathways
Conservational
-Hiking
-Public Camping
7. Divide another A4 sheet of paper into 3 columns headed COMMERCIAL, CONSERVATIONAL and
RECREATIONAL. List as many past uses in each of the 3 categories as you can.
Commercial
-Farming
-Timber Harvesting
Conservational
-Camping
-Hiking(without paths)
-Path ways
-Parks
Recreational
-Holes in the ground (toilets)
-Agriculture
8. For what reasons is the park regarded as an area of high conservation significance?
The Grampians is regarded as an area of high conservation because people have become more aware about the
environment being damaged, so they are doing this for the conservation of the area.
9. For what reasons is the park an area of significant cultural value?
Aboriginal paintings hold cultural significance in the aboriginal community and symbolize their traditions.
Flaura and Fauna; helps to maintain the native environment.
10. Successful management is vital for the long term security of the park. Choose two different user groups (for example: bushwalkers, coffee shop owners, caravan park operates, rock climbers and four wheel drivers.) and list the possible conflicts that may arise between them over the use of the park.